constitutional and political history of pakistan by hamid khan pdf free 58
this book provides a history and analysis of the academic freedom movements in several countries in europe, asia, africa, and the americas. these examples provide an account of the evolution of these movements, outline how they have been shaped and improved over time, and, most importantly, illustrate how they have affected institutions, individuals, and societies. one of the key findings of this study is that the academic freedom movement has developed differently in different countries. indeed, the principles of academic freedom are not set in stone, but are influenced by the social, political, and legal context in each of the countries where it emerged. this book demonstrates that academic freedom, while is a right in its own right, must be interpreted in relation to the specific historical context of a given country. it concludes with an appraisal of the progress made and points to key aspects of academic freedom that can be strengthened further.
examination of the rise of the academic freedom movements includes a history of the origins and present day functions and operations of the movements, the different approaches to academic freedom that have emerged, and the consequent outcome. this is accompanied by an in-depth examination of how these movements have been received and how these, their principles, have been put into practice. a section of the book focuses on the responses of the academic freedom movement to social, political, legal, and other challenges that are in place and put forward some options to address these, while others consider how the academic freedom movement can be strengthened in the future.